diff --git a/include/anthem/AST.h b/include/anthem/AST.h
index 8a770ec..41b0865 100644
--- a/include/anthem/AST.h
+++ b/include/anthem/AST.h
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ struct Comparison
 
 struct Function
 {
-	explicit Function(std::string &&name)
-	:	name{std::move(name)}
+	explicit Function(FunctionDeclaration *declaration)
+	:	declaration{declaration}
 	{
 	}
 
-	explicit Function(std::string &&name, std::vector<Term> &&arguments)
-	:	name{std::move(name)},
+	explicit Function(FunctionDeclaration *declaration, std::vector<Term> &&arguments)
+	:	declaration{declaration},
 		arguments{std::move(arguments)}
 	{
 	}
@@ -121,12 +121,36 @@ struct Function
 	Function(Function &&other) noexcept = default;
 	Function &operator=(Function &&other) noexcept = default;
 
-	std::string name;
+	FunctionDeclaration *declaration;
 	std::vector<Term> arguments;
 };
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+struct FunctionDeclaration
+{
+	explicit FunctionDeclaration(std::string &&name)
+	:	name{std::move(name)}
+	{
+	}
+
+	explicit FunctionDeclaration(std::string &&name, size_t arity)
+	:	name{std::move(name)},
+		arity{arity}
+	{
+	}
+
+	FunctionDeclaration(const FunctionDeclaration &other) = delete;
+	FunctionDeclaration &operator=(const FunctionDeclaration &other) = delete;
+	FunctionDeclaration(FunctionDeclaration &&other) noexcept = default;
+	FunctionDeclaration &operator=(FunctionDeclaration &&other) noexcept = default;
+
+	std::string name;
+	size_t arity;
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
 // TODO: refactor (limit element type to primitive terms)
 struct In
 {
diff --git a/include/anthem/ASTForward.h b/include/anthem/ASTForward.h
index 10c1a65..f78f465 100644
--- a/include/anthem/ASTForward.h
+++ b/include/anthem/ASTForward.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ struct Comparison;
 struct Exists;
 struct ForAll;
 struct Function;
+struct FunctionDeclaration;
 struct Implies;
 struct In;
 struct Integer;
diff --git a/include/anthem/Body.h b/include/anthem/Body.h
index 9995c86..2233eb1 100644
--- a/include/anthem/Body.h
+++ b/include/anthem/Body.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ struct BodyTermTranslateVisitor
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < function.arguments.size(); i++)
 		{
 			auto &argument = function.arguments[i];
-			conjunction.arguments.emplace_back(ast::Formula::make<ast::In>(ast::Variable(parameters[i].get()), translate(argument, ruleContext, variableStack)));
+			conjunction.arguments.emplace_back(ast::Formula::make<ast::In>(ast::Variable(parameters[i].get()), translate(argument, ruleContext, context, variableStack)));
 		}
 
 		variableStack.pop();
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ struct BodyLiteralTranslateVisitor
 	}
 
 	// TODO: refactor
-	std::optional<ast::Formula> visit(const Clingo::AST::Comparison &comparison, const Clingo::AST::Literal &literal, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &, ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
+	std::optional<ast::Formula> visit(const Clingo::AST::Comparison &comparison, const Clingo::AST::Literal &literal, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &context, ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
 	{
 		// Comparisons should never have a sign, because these are converted to positive comparisons by clingo
 		if (literal.sign != Clingo::AST::Sign::None)
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ struct BodyLiteralTranslateVisitor
 
 		ast::And conjunction;
 		conjunction.arguments.reserve(3);
-		conjunction.arguments.emplace_back(ast::Formula::make<ast::In>(ast::Variable(parameters[0].get()), translate(comparison.left, ruleContext, variableStack)));
-		conjunction.arguments.emplace_back(ast::Formula::make<ast::In>(ast::Variable(parameters[1].get()), translate(comparison.right, ruleContext, variableStack)));
+		conjunction.arguments.emplace_back(ast::Formula::make<ast::In>(ast::Variable(parameters[0].get()), translate(comparison.left, ruleContext, context, variableStack)));
+		conjunction.arguments.emplace_back(ast::Formula::make<ast::In>(ast::Variable(parameters[1].get()), translate(comparison.right, ruleContext, context, variableStack)));
 		conjunction.arguments.emplace_back(ast::Formula::make<ast::Comparison>(operator_, ast::Variable(parameters[0].get()), ast::Variable(parameters[1].get())));
 
 		return ast::Formula::make<ast::Exists>(std::move(parameters), std::move(conjunction));
diff --git a/include/anthem/Context.h b/include/anthem/Context.h
index 24acbdc..06cadda 100644
--- a/include/anthem/Context.h
+++ b/include/anthem/Context.h
@@ -53,6 +53,26 @@ struct Context
 		return predicateDeclarations.back().get();
 	}
 
+	ast::FunctionDeclaration *findOrCreateFunctionDeclaration(const char *name, size_t arity)
+	{
+		const auto matchesExistingFunctionDeclaration =
+			[&](const auto &functionDeclarations)
+			{
+				return (functionDeclarations->arity == arity
+					&& strcmp(functionDeclarations->name.c_str(), name) == 0);
+			};
+
+		auto matchingFunctionDeclaration = std::find_if(functionDeclarations.begin(),
+			functionDeclarations.end(), matchesExistingFunctionDeclaration);
+
+		if (matchingFunctionDeclaration != functionDeclarations.end())
+			return matchingFunctionDeclaration->get();
+
+		functionDeclarations.emplace_back(std::make_unique<ast::FunctionDeclaration>(name, arity));
+
+		return functionDeclarations.back().get();
+	}
+
 	output::Logger logger;
 
 	bool performSimplification{false};
@@ -61,6 +81,8 @@ struct Context
 	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ast::PredicateDeclaration>> predicateDeclarations;
 	ast::PredicateDeclaration::Visibility defaultPredicateVisibility{ast::PredicateDeclaration::Visibility::Visible};
 
+	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ast::FunctionDeclaration>> functionDeclarations;
+
 	bool externalStatementsUsed{false};
 	bool showStatementsUsed{false};
 
diff --git a/include/anthem/Equality.h b/include/anthem/Equality.h
index 7c5c83b..683bef6 100644
--- a/include/anthem/Equality.h
+++ b/include/anthem/Equality.h
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ struct TermEqualityVisitor
 
 		const auto &otherFunction = otherTerm.get<Function>();
 
-		if (function.name != otherFunction.name)
+		if (function.declaration != otherFunction.declaration)
 			return Tristate::False;
 
 		if (function.arguments.size() != otherFunction.arguments.size())
diff --git a/include/anthem/StatementVisitor.h b/include/anthem/StatementVisitor.h
index bd0d21d..c6517d2 100644
--- a/include/anthem/StatementVisitor.h
+++ b/include/anthem/StatementVisitor.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ struct StatementVisitor
 
 			const auto auxiliaryHeadVariableID = ruleContext.headVariablesStartIndex + i - ruleContext.headTerms.cbegin();
 			auto element = ast::Variable(ruleContext.freeVariables[auxiliaryHeadVariableID].get());
-			auto set = translate(headTerm, ruleContext, variableStack);
+			auto set = translate(headTerm, ruleContext, context, variableStack);
 			auto in = ast::In(std::move(element), std::move(set));
 
 			antecedent.arguments.emplace_back(std::move(in));
diff --git a/include/anthem/Term.h b/include/anthem/Term.h
index 5c2cbd7..62c64ba 100644
--- a/include/anthem/Term.h
+++ b/include/anthem/Term.h
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ ast::UnaryOperation::Operator translate(Clingo::AST::UnaryOperator unaryOperator
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-ast::Term translate(const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack);
+ast::Term translate(const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &context, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack);
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 struct TermTranslateVisitor
 {
-	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::Symbol &symbol, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
+	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::Symbol &symbol, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &context, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
 	{
 		switch (symbol.type())
 		{
@@ -85,19 +85,19 @@ struct TermTranslateVisitor
 				return ast::Term::make<ast::String>(std::string(symbol.string()));
 			case Clingo::SymbolType::Function:
 			{
-				auto function = ast::Term::make<ast::Function>(symbol.name());
-				// TODO: remove workaround
-				auto &functionRaw = function.get<ast::Function>();
-				functionRaw.arguments.reserve(symbol.arguments().size());
+				auto functionDeclaration = context.findOrCreateFunctionDeclaration(symbol.name(), symbol.arguments().size());
+
+				auto function = ast::Function(functionDeclaration);
+				function.arguments.reserve(symbol.arguments().size());
 
 				for (const auto &argument : symbol.arguments())
 				{
-					auto translatedArgument = visit(argument, term, ruleContext, variableStack);
+					auto translatedArgument = visit(argument, term, ruleContext, context, variableStack);
 
 					if (!translatedArgument)
 						throw TranslationException(term.location, "could not translate argument");
 
-					functionRaw.arguments.emplace_back(std::move(translatedArgument.value()));
+					function.arguments.emplace_back(std::move(translatedArgument.value()));
 				}
 
 				return std::move(function);
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ struct TermTranslateVisitor
 		return std::nullopt;
 	}
 
-	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::Variable &variable, const Clingo::AST::Term &, RuleContext &ruleContext, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
+	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::Variable &variable, const Clingo::AST::Term &, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
 	{
 		const auto matchingVariableDeclaration = variableStack.findUserVariableDeclaration(variable.name);
 		const auto isAnonymousVariable = (strcmp(variable.name, "_") == 0);
@@ -120,35 +120,36 @@ struct TermTranslateVisitor
 		auto variableDeclaration = std::make_unique<ast::VariableDeclaration>(ast::VariableDeclaration::Type::UserDefined, std::string(variable.name));
 		ruleContext.freeVariables.emplace_back(std::move(variableDeclaration));
 
+		// TODO: ast::Term::make is unnecessary and can be removed
 		return ast::Term::make<ast::Variable>(ruleContext.freeVariables.back().get());
 	}
 
-	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::BinaryOperation &binaryOperation, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
+	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::BinaryOperation &binaryOperation, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &context, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
 	{
 		const auto operator_ = translate(binaryOperation.binary_operator, term);
-		auto left = translate(binaryOperation.left, ruleContext, variableStack);
-		auto right = translate(binaryOperation.right, ruleContext, variableStack);
+		auto left = translate(binaryOperation.left, ruleContext, context, variableStack);
+		auto right = translate(binaryOperation.right, ruleContext, context, variableStack);
 
 		return ast::Term::make<ast::BinaryOperation>(operator_, std::move(left), std::move(right));
 	}
 
-	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::UnaryOperation &unaryOperation, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
+	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::UnaryOperation &unaryOperation, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &context, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
 	{
 		const auto operator_ = translate(unaryOperation.unary_operator, term);
-		auto argument = translate(unaryOperation.argument, ruleContext, variableStack);
+		auto argument = translate(unaryOperation.argument, ruleContext, context, variableStack);
 
 		return ast::Term::make<ast::UnaryOperation>(operator_, std::move(argument));
 	}
 
-	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::Interval &interval, const Clingo::AST::Term &, RuleContext &ruleContext, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
+	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::Interval &interval, const Clingo::AST::Term &, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &context, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
 	{
-		auto left = translate(interval.left, ruleContext, variableStack);
-		auto right = translate(interval.right, ruleContext, variableStack);
+		auto left = translate(interval.left, ruleContext, context, variableStack);
+		auto right = translate(interval.right, ruleContext, context, variableStack);
 
 		return ast::Term::make<ast::Interval>(std::move(left), std::move(right));
 	}
 
-	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::Function &function, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
+	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::Function &function, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &context, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
 	{
 		if (function.external)
 			throw TranslationException(term.location, "external functions currently unsupported");
@@ -157,12 +158,14 @@ struct TermTranslateVisitor
 		arguments.reserve(function.arguments.size());
 
 		for (const auto &argument : function.arguments)
-			arguments.emplace_back(translate(argument, ruleContext, variableStack));
+			arguments.emplace_back(translate(argument, ruleContext, context, variableStack));
 
-		return ast::Term::make<ast::Function>(function.name, std::move(arguments));
+		auto functionDeclaration = context.findOrCreateFunctionDeclaration(function.name, function.arguments.size());
+
+		return ast::Term::make<ast::Function>(functionDeclaration, std::move(arguments));
 	}
 
-	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::Pool &, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &, const ast::VariableStack &)
+	std::optional<ast::Term> visit(const Clingo::AST::Pool &, const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &, Context &, const ast::VariableStack &)
 	{
 		throw TranslationException(term.location, "“pool” terms currently unsupported");
 		return std::nullopt;
@@ -171,9 +174,9 @@ struct TermTranslateVisitor
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-ast::Term translate(const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
+ast::Term translate(const Clingo::AST::Term &term, RuleContext &ruleContext, Context &context, const ast::VariableStack &variableStack)
 {
-	auto translatedTerm = term.data.accept(TermTranslateVisitor(), term, ruleContext, variableStack);
+	auto translatedTerm = term.data.accept(TermTranslateVisitor(), term, ruleContext, context, variableStack);
 
 	if (!translatedTerm)
 		throw TranslationException(term.location, "could not translate term");
diff --git a/include/anthem/output/AST.h b/include/anthem/output/AST.h
index 3703174..b12cee4 100644
--- a/include/anthem/output/AST.h
+++ b/include/anthem/output/AST.h
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ inline output::ColorStream &print(output::ColorStream &stream, const Comparison
 
 inline output::ColorStream &print(output::ColorStream &stream, const Function &function, PrintContext &printContext, bool)
 {
-	stream << function.name;
+	stream << function.declaration->name;
 
 	if (function.arguments.empty())
 		return stream;
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ inline output::ColorStream &print(output::ColorStream &stream, const Function &f
 		print(stream, *i, printContext);
 	}
 
-	if (function.name.empty() && function.arguments.size() == 1)
+	if (function.declaration->name.empty() && function.arguments.size() == 1)
 		stream << ",";
 
 	stream << ")";
diff --git a/src/anthem/ASTCopy.cpp b/src/anthem/ASTCopy.cpp
index e19113d..1b33198 100644
--- a/src/anthem/ASTCopy.cpp
+++ b/src/anthem/ASTCopy.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Comparison prepareCopy(const Comparison &other)
 
 Function prepareCopy(const Function &other)
 {
-	return Function(std::string(other.name), prepareCopy(other.arguments));
+	return Function(other.declaration, prepareCopy(other.arguments));
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////