Clingo treats operations that were assumed to be “invalid” not as
processing errors but as operations returning an empty set.
This changes how formulas have to be evaluated. This commit implements
an explicit function for retrieving the return type of an expression,
that is, both the domain of the result as well as whether it’s an empty,
unit, or general set with multiple values.
The “general” domain wasn’t really about general variables, but meant as
a distinction from integer variables. For this reason, this commit
renames the “general” domain to “noninteger.”
Checking whether terms are arithmetic will be used not just in integer
variable detection but also in simplifying formulas with integer
variables. For this purpose, the arithmetic check is moved to a commonly
accessible header file.
This moves the commonly enum classes EvaluationResult, OperationResult,
and Tristate to the Utils header file to avoid code duplication.
Additionally, the SimplificationResult class is replaced by the
semantically similar OperationResult.
If making a variable noninteger turns the entire formula obtained from
completion true, we can drop that statement and conclude that the
variable is integer.
This reimplements integer variable detection as two parts. The first one
is a visitor class that recursively searches for all declared variables
in a formula and applies the second part, a custom functor.
Two such functors are implemented. The first one checks whether a
predicate definition is falsified by making a variable noninteger, in
which case it can be concluded that the variable in question is integer.
The second functor checks whether bound variables in a quantified
formula turn the quantified part false, again to conclude that variables
are integer.
This piece of code was responsible for propagating the domain of
predicate parameters to argument variables. However, this approach
doesn’t seem to be correct, which is why this commit removes it.
This is a reimplementation of the integer variable detection procedure.
The idea is to iteratively assume variables to be noninteger, and to
prove that this would lead to a false or erroneous result. If the proof
is successful, the variable is integer as a consequence.
With this change, domains detected for predicate parameters are properly
propagated to all occurences of the respective variables, enabling more
integer simplifications.
This adds a new syntax for declaring functions integer:
#external integer(<function name>(<arity)).
If a function is declared integer, it may enable some variables to be
detected as integer as well.
For clarity, this moves the Domain enum class to a separate header,
because it’s not just variable-specific but also applicable to
functions, for example.
This adds initial support for detecting integer variables in formulas.
The scope is somewhat limited in that variables matching predicate
parameters with known integer type aren’t propagated to be integer as
well yet. Also, the use of constants and functions prevents variables
from being detected as integer, because they have to be assumed to be
externally defined in such a way that they evaluate to general values
and not necessarily integers.
The Tristate class (representing truth values that are either true,
false, or unknown) is used at multiple ends. This moves it to a separate
header for reusing it properly.
This refactoring separates predicates from their declarations. The
purpose of this is to avoid duplicating properties specific to the
predicate declaration and not its occurrences in the program.
This implements a tableau containing simplification rules that can be
iteratively applied to input formulas until they remain unchanged.
First, this moves the rule “exists X (X = Y) === #true” to the tableau
as a reference implementation.
This adds support for declaring predicates as placeholders through the
“#external” directive in the input language of clingo.
Placeholders are not subject to completion. This prevents predicates
that represent instance-specific facts from being assumed as universally
false by default negation when translating an encoding.
This stretches clingo’s usual syntax a bit to make the implementation
lightweight. In order to declare a predicate with a specific arity as a
placeholder, the following statement needs to be added to the program:
#external <predicate name>(<arity>).
Multiple unit tests cover cases where placeholders are used or not as
well as a more complex graph coloring example.
With C++17, optionals, an experimental language feature, were moved to
the “std” namespace. This makes C++17 mandatory and drops the now
obsolete “experimental” namespace.
Patrick Lühne